Challenge funds (CF) induce competition between grant applicants as they develop proposals to address important social problems. We develop a game-theoretic model to study how funding availability and proof of concept requirements (e.g., pilots or other forms of early-stage screening) influence investments by applicants and the ultimate success of the CF. Larger budgets and more rigorous proof of concept requirements can reduce applicant investments and lead to less effective funding initiatives. The results show how the design of a CF affects the incentives of those competing for funding, and how the most effective CF design needs to carefully consider how the NGOs or researchers applying for funding will respond to a change in incentives. Otherwise, steps taken to improve the quantity or quality of funded projects can backfire and decrease overall funding effectiveness.
QED Working Paper Number
1470
Keywords
Challenge Funds
Grants
Project Evaluation
Pilot Studies
Funding Allocation
Evidence Based Funding
Working Paper